With the entry into force of the Dutch Collective Redress Act (WAMCA) on 1 January 2020, the Netherlands assumed a leading position in Europe in the field of collective actions. The WAMCA immediately ...
Winds of change after the implementation of the Directive on Representative Actions?
This contribution assesses the evolving implementation of the Representative Actions Directive (RAD) across the European Union. Although transposition remains incomplete in two Member States, the Dire...
Third-party litigation funding in Ireland: Medieval rules in modern litigation
While most EU Member States have either expressly permitted third-party funding, or tacitly allowed it to develop, Ireland has preserved a largely prohibitive framework rooted in the ancient common la...
Multi-party proceedings are generally praised for their efficiency. However, joining parties in multi-party proceedings can also cause delays: the more parties involved, the longer the proceedings tak...
Walter Merricks, photo credit: Fraser Allan Q: In, for example, the Netherlands, only a foundation or association can bring a class action. In the UK, that's different, as you can also do it as an ind...
On 17 September 2025, the Dutch Association for Mass Damage and Collective Actions (Vereniging voor Massaschade en Collectieve Actie, VEMCA) organised its third conference since its establishment in 2...
Dr Rachael Kent v Apple Inc. & Apple Distribution International Ltd: Reflections on a seminal judgment in UK collective proceedings
Dr Kent has succeeded in her opt-out collective action against Apple, brought on behalf of around 36 million Apple device users. This is the first occasion on which an opt-out collective action in the...
Dutch court refers preliminary questions to the CJEU regarding the interplay between the GDPR and the Dutch WAMCA
This article analyses the preliminary questions referred by the Rotterdam District Court to the CJEU concerning the interplay between the Dutch WAMCA regime for collective actions with the GDPR, parti...
England and WalesRhea GuptaCase law Justin Gutmann v First MTR South Western Trains Ltd, South Eastern Railway Ltd, Govia Thameslink Railway Ltd Ors CAT 64 On 17 October 2025, the Competition Appeal T...