Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations evolved from corporate buzzwords into legal, financial and ethical imperatives. Across jurisdictions, we are witnessing a growing wave of liti...

This paper examines the lack of legal standing for associations in environmental cases under German private law. Environmental claims by associations are limited to public law, while association actio...

This paper explores if and how Third-Party Litigation Funding ("TPLF") can be used as a means to enhance access to justice in environmental collective litigation in the EU. It assesses whether environ...

Collective environmental claims straddle the protection of two interests - the diffused and the individual. Given the duality of interests involved, the representative element in standing criteria tak...

The scientific community is faced with the urgent task of rethinking and deconstructing the traditional, clichéd roles of public and private actors in socioenvironmental governance. Sociologists have ...

This article looks at the role of trade unions in enforcing the Due Diligence Directive. Due to the international and extraterritorial character of the due diligence obligations of the company covered...

Drawing on scholarship in informational capitalism, this paper argues that large-scale GDPR violations by Big Tech—termed 'business model violations'—generate systemic data harms that require collecti...

England and WalesAnna Dannreuther and Rhea GuptaCase law Christine Riefa Class Representative Limited v Apple Inc and Amazon.com Inc CAT 5 On 14 January 2025, the Competition Appeal Tribunal ("CAT") h...