1. History and Context of Directive on representative actions (9059/20)
The 2009 Directive (Directive 2009/22 on injunctions for the protection of consumers' interest) enabled qualified entities to bring representative actions aimed at stopping infringements of Union law. Why was that Directive considered inadequate for the protection of consumers?
The Injunctions Directive proved to be a useful tool for consumer protection and its main elements have been kept in the Representative Actions Directive.